Jotai

状態

Primitive and flexible state management for React

Utils

atomWithStorage

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/pull/394

import { useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { atomWithStorage } from 'jotai/utils'

const darkModeAtom = atomWithStorage('darkMode', false)

const Page = () => {
  const [darkMode, setDarkMode] = useAtom(darkModeAtom)

  return (
    <>
      <h1>Welcome to {darkMode ? 'dark' : 'light'} mode!</h1>
      <button onClick={() => setDarkMode(!darkMode)}>toggle theme</button>
    </>
  )
}

The atomWithStorage function creates an atom with a value persisted in localStorage or sessionStorage for React or AsyncStorage for React Native.

Parameters

key (required): a unique string used as the key when syncing state with localStorage, sessionStorage, or AsyncStorage

initialValue (required): the initial value of the atom

storage (optional): an object with getItem and setItem methods for storing/retreiving persisted state; defaults to using localStorage for storage/retreival and JSON.stringify()/JSON.parse() for serialization/deserialization

Server-side rendering

Any JSX markup that depends on the value of a stored atom (e.g., a className or style prop) will use the initialValue when rendered on the server (since localStorage and sessionStorage are not available on the server).

This means that there will be a mismatch between what is originally served to the user's browser as HTML and what is expected by React during the rehydration process if the user has a storedValue that differs from the initialValue.

The suggested workaround for this issue is to only render the content dependent on the storedValue client-side by wrapping it in a custom <ClientOnly> wrapper, which only renders after rehydration. Alternative solutions are technically possible, but would require a brief "flicker" as the initialValue is swapped to the storedValue, which can result in an unpleasant user experience, so this solution is advised.

atomWithObservable

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/pull/341

Usage

import { useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { atomWithObservable } from 'jotai/utils'
import { interval } from 'rxjs'

const counterSubject = interval(1000).pipe(map((i) => `#${i}`));
const counterAtom = atomWithObservable(() => counterSubject);

const Counter = () => {
  const [counter] = useAtom(counterAtom)
  return <div>count: {counter}</div>;
}

The atomWithObservable function creates an atom from a rxjs (or similar) subject or observable. Its value will be last value emitted from the stream.

To use this atom, you need to wrap your component with <Suspense>.

Codesandbox

useUpdateAtom

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/26

import { atom, useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { useUpdateAtom } from 'jotai/utils'

const countAtom = atom(0)

const Counter = () => {
  const [count] = useAtom(countAtom)
  return <div>count: {count}</div>
}

const Controls = () => {
  const setCount = useUpdateAtom(countAtom)
  const inc = () => setCount((c) => c + 1)
  return <button onClick={inc}>+1</button>
}

useAtomValue

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/212

import { atom, Provider, useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { useAtomValue } from 'jotai/utils'

const countAtom = atom(0)

const Counter = () => {
  const setCount = useUpdateAtom(countAtom)
  const count = useAtomValue(countAtom)
  return (
    <>
      <div>count: {count}</div>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>+1</button>
    </>
  )
}

atomWithReset

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/41

function atomWithReset<Value>(
  initialValue: Value
): WritableAtom<Value, SetStateAction<Value> | typeof RESET>

Creates an atom that could be reset to its initialValue with useResetAtom hook. It works exactly the same way as primitive atom would, but you are also able to set it to a special value RESET. See examples in Resettable atoms.

Example

import { atomWithReset } from 'jotai/utils'

const dollarsAtom = atomWithReset(0)
const todoListAtom = atomWithReset([{ description: 'Add a todo', checked: false }])

useResetAtom

function useResetAtom<Value>(anAtom: WritableAtom<Value, typeof RESET>): () => void | Promise<void>

Resets a Resettable atom to its initial value.

Example

import { useResetAtom } from 'jotai/utils'
import { todoListAtom } from './store'

const TodoResetButton = () => {
  const resetTodoList = useResetAtom(todoListAtom)
  return <button onClick={resetTodoList}>Reset</button>
}

RESET

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/217

const RESET: unique symbol

Special value that is accepted by Resettable atoms created with atomWithReset, atomWithDefault or writable atom created with atom if it accepts RESET symbol.

Example

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { atomWithReset, useResetAtom, RESET } from 'jotai/utils'

const dollarsAtom = atomWithReset(0)
const centsAtom = atom(
  (get) => get(dollarsAtom) * 100,
  (get, set, newValue: number | typeof RESET) =>
    set(dollarsAtom, newValue === RESET ? newValue : newValue / 100)
)

const ResetExample: React.FC = () => {
  const setDollars = useUpdateAtom(dollarsAtom)
  const resetCents = useResetAtom(centsAtom)

  return (
    <>
      <button onClick={() => setDollars(RESET)}>Reset dollars</button>
      <button onClick={resetCents}>Reset cents</button>
    </>
  )
}

useReducerAtom

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { useReducerAtom } from 'jotai/utils'

const countReducer = (prev, action) => {
  if (action.type === 'inc') return prev + 1
  if (action.type === 'dec') return prev - 1
  throw new Error('unknown action type')
}

const countAtom = atom(0)

const Counter = () => {
  const [count, dispatch] = useReducerAtom(countAtom, countReducer)
  return (
    <div>
      {count}
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'inc' })}>+1</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'dec' })}>-1</button>
    </div>
  )
}

atomWithReducer

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/38

import { atomWithReducer } from 'jotai/utils'

const countReducer = (prev, action) => {
  if (action.type === 'inc') return prev + 1
  if (action.type === 'dec') return prev - 1
  throw new Error('unknown action type')
}

const countReducerAtom = atomWithReducer(0, countReducer)

atomWithDefault

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/352

Usage

This is a function to create a resettable primitive atom. Its default value can be specified with a read function instead of a static initial value.

import { atomWithDefault } from 'jotai/utils'

const count1Atom = atom(1)
const count2Atom = atomWithDefault((get) => get(count1Atom) * 2)

Codesandbox

Resetting default values

You can reset the value of an atomWithDefault atom to its original default value.

import { useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { atomWithDefault, useResetAtom, RESET } from 'jotai/utils'

const count1Atom = atom(1)
const count2Atom = atomWithDefault((get) => get(count1Atom) * 2)

const Counter: React.FC = () => {
  const [count1, setCount1] = useAtom(count1Atom)
  const [count2, setCount2] = useAtom(count2Atom)
  const resetCount2 = useResetAtom(count2Atom)

  return (
    <>
      <div>
        count1: {count1}, count2: {count2}
      </div>
      <button onClick={() => setCount1((c) => c + 1)}>increment count1</button>
      <button onClick={() => setCount2((c) => c + 1)}>increment count2</button>
      <button onClick={() => resetCount2()}>Reset with useResetAtom</button>
      <button onClick={() => setCount2(RESET)}>Reset with RESET const</button>
    </>
  )
}

This can be useful when an atomWithDefault atom value is overwritten using the set function, in which case the provided getter function is no longer used and any change in dependencies atoms will not trigger an update.

Resetting the value allows us to restore its original default value, discarding changes made previously via the set function.

atomWithHash

Usage

atomWithHash(key, initialValue): PrimitiveAtom

This creats a new atom that is connected with URL hash. The hash must be in the URLSearchParams format. It's two-way binding: changing atom value will change the hash and changing the hash will change the atom value. This function works only with DOM.

Examples

import { useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { atomWithHash } from 'jotai/utils'
const countAtom = atomWithHash('count', 1)
const Counter: React.FC = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useAtom(countAtom)
  return (
    <>
      <div>count: {count}</div>
      <button onClick={() => setCount((c) => c + 1)}>button</button>
    </>
  )
}

Codesandbox

atomFamily

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/23

Usage

atomFamily(initializeAtom, areEqual): (param) => Atom

This will create a function that takes param and returns an atom. If it's already created, it will return it from the cache. initializeAtom is function that can return any kind of atom (atom(), atomWithDefault(), ...). Note that areEqual is optional, which tell if two params are equal (defaults to Object.is).

To reproduce the similar behavior to Recoil's atomFamily/selectorFamily, specify a deepEqual function to areEqual. For example:

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import deepEqual from 'fast-deep-equal'

const fooFamily = atomFamily((param) => atom(param), deepEqual)

TypeScript

The atom family types will be inferred from initializeAtom. Here's a typical usage with a primitive atom.

import type { PrimitiveAtom } from 'jotai'

/**
 * here the atom(id) returns a PrimitiveAtom<number>
 * and PrimitiveAtom<number> is a WritableAtom<number, SetStateAction<number>>
 */
const myFamily = atomFamily((id: number) => atom(id)).

You can explicitly declare the type of parameter, value, and atom's setState function using TypeScript generics.

atomFamily<Param, Value, Update>(initializeAtom: (param: Param) => WritableAtom<Value, Update>, areEqual?: (a: Param, b: Param) => boolean)
atomFamily<Param, Value>(initializeAtom: (param: Param) => Atom<Value>, areEqual?: (a: Param, b: Param) => boolean)

If you want to explicitly declare the atomFamily for a primitive atom, you need to use SetStateAction.

type SetStateAction<Value> = Value | ((prev: Value) => Value)

const myFamily = atomFamily<number, number, SetStateAction<number>>((id: number) => atom(id))

Caveat: Memory Leaks

Internally, atomFamily is just a Map whose key is a param and whose value is an atom config. Unless you explicitly remove unused params, this leads to memory leaks. This is crucial if you use infinite number of params.

There are two ways to remove params.

myFamily.remove(param) allows you to remove a specific param.
myFamily.setShouldRemove(shouldRemove) is to register shouldRemove function which runs immediately and when you are to get an atom from a cache.
- shouldRemove is a function that takes two arguments createdAt in milliseconds and param, and returns a boolean value.
- setting null will remove the previously registered function.

Examples

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { atomFamily } from 'jotai/utils'

const todoFamily = atomFamily((name) => atom(name))

todoFamily('foo')
// this will create a new atom('foo'), or return the one if already created

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { atomFamily } from 'jotai/utils'

const todoFamily = atomFamily((name) =>
  atom(
    (get) => get(todosAtom)[name],
    (get, set, arg) => {
      const prev = get(todosAtom)
      return { ...prev, [name]: { ...prev[name], ...arg } }
    }
  )
)

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { atomFamily } from 'jotai/utils'

const todoFamily = atomFamily(
  ({ id, name }) => atom({ name }),
  (a, b) => a.id === b.id
)

Codesandbox

selectAtom

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/36

function selectAtom<Value, Slice>(
  anAtom: Atom<Value>,
  selector: (v: Value) => Slice,
  equalityFn: (a: Slice, b: Slice) => boolean = Object.is
): Atom<Slice>

This function creates a derived atom whose value is a function of the original atom's value, determined by selector. The selector function runs whenever the original atom changes; it updates the derived atom only if equalityFn reports that the derived value has changed. By default, equalityFn is reference equality, but you can supply your favorite deep-equals function to stabilize the derived value where necessary.

Examples

const defaultPerson = {
  name: {
    first: 'Jane',
    last: 'Doe',
  },
  birth: {
    year: 2000,
    month: 'Jan',
    day: 1,
    time: {
      hour: 1,
      minute: 1,
    },
  },
}

// Original atom.
const personAtom = atom(defaultPerson)

// Tracks person.name. Updated when person.name object changes, even
// if neither name.first nor name.last actually change.
const nameAtom = selectAtom(personAtom, (person) => person.name)

// Tracks person.birth. Updated when year, month, day, hour, or minute changes.
// Use of deepEquals means that this atom doesn't update if birth field is
// replaced with a new object containing the same data. E.g., if person is re-read
// from a database.
const birthAtom = selectAtom(personAtom, (person) => person.birth, deepEquals)

Ref: https://codesandbox.io/s/react-typescript-forked-8czek

useAtomCallback

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/60

Usage

useAtomCallback(
  callback: (get: Getter, set: Setter, arg: Arg) => Result
): (arg: Arg) => Promise<Result>

This hook allows to interact with atoms imperatively. It takes a callback function that works like atom write function, and returns a function that returns a promise.

The callback to pass in the hook must be stable (should be wrapped with useCallback).

Examples

import { useEffect, useState, useCallback } from 'react'
import { Provider, atom, useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { useAtomCallback } from 'jotai/utils'

const countAtom = atom(0)

const Counter = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useAtom(countAtom)
  return (
    <>
      {count} <button onClick={() => setCount((c) => c + 1)}>+1</button>
    </>
  )
}

const Monitor = () => {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  const readCount = useAtomCallback(
    useCallback((get) => {
      const currCount = get(countAtom)
      setCount(currCount)
      return currCount
    }, [])
  )
  useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(async () => {
      console.log(await readCount())
    }, 1000)
    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer)
    }
  }, [readCount])
  return <div>current count: {count}</div>
}

Codesandbox

freezeAtom

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { freezeAtom } from 'jotai/utils'

const objAtom = freezeAtom(atom({ count: 0 }))

freezeAtom takes an existing atom and returns a new derived atom. The returned atom is "frozen" which means when you use the atom with useAtom in components or get in other atoms, the atom value will be deeply frozen with Object.freeze. It would be useful to find bugs where you accidentally tried to mutate objects which can lead to unexpected behavior.

freezeAtomCreator

import { atom } from 'jotai'
import { freezeAtomCreator } from 'jotai/utils'

const createFrozenAtom = freezeAtomCreator(atom)
const objAtom = createFrozenAtom({ count: 0 })

Instead of create a frozen atom from an existing atom, freezeAtomCreator takes an atom creator function and returns a new function. You can use this not only for atom, but also for other atomWith* creators such as atomWithReduer.

splitAtom

The splitAtom utility is useful for when you want to get an atom for each element in a list. It works for read/write atoms that contain a list. When used on such an atom, it returns an atom which itself contains a list of atoms, each corresponding to the respective item in the original list.

A simplified type signature would be:

type SplitAtom = <Item>(arrayAtom: PrimitiveAtom<Array<Item>>): Atom<Array<PrimitiveAtom<Item>>>

Additionally, the atom returned by splitAtom contains a removal function in the write direction, this is useful for when you want a simple way to remove each element in the original atom.

See the below example for usage.

codesandbox

import * as React from 'react'
import { Provider, atom, useAtom, PrimitiveAtom } from 'jotai'
import { splitAtom } from 'jotai/utils'
import './styles.css'

const initialState = [
  {
    task: 'help the town',
    done: false,
  },
  {
    task: 'feed the dragon',
    done: false,
  },
]

const todosAtom = atom(initialState)
const todoAtomsAtom = splitAtom(todosAtom)

const TodoList = () => {
  const [todoAtoms, removeTodoAtom] = useAtom(todoAtomsAtom)
  return (
    <ul>
      {todoAtoms.map((todoAtom) => (
        <TodoItem todoAtom={todoAtom} remove={() => removeTodoAtom(todoAtom)} />
      ))}
    </ul>
  )
}

type TodoType = typeof initialState[number]

const TodoItem = ({
  todoAtom,
  remove,
}: {
  todoAtom: PrimitiveAtom<TodoType>
  remove: () => void
}) => {
  const [todo, setTodo] = useAtom(todoAtom)
  return (
    <div>
      <input
        value={todo.task}
        onChange={(e) => {
          setTodo((oldValue) => ({ ...oldValue, task: e.target.value }))
        }}
      />
      <input
        type="checkbox"
        checked={todo.done}
        onChange={() => {
          setTodo((oldValue) => ({ ...oldValue, done: !oldValue.done }))
        }}
      />
      <button onClick={remove}>remove</button>
    </div>
  )
}

const App = () => (
  <Provider>
    <TodoList />
  </Provider>
)

export default App

waitForAll

Sometimes you have multiple async atoms in your components:

const dogsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/dogs')
  return await response.json()
})
const catsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/cats')
  return await response.json()
})

const App = () => {
  const [dogs] = useAtom(dogsAtom)
  const [cats] = useAtom(catsAtom)
  // ...
}

However, this will start fetching one at the time, which is not optimal - It would be better if we can start fetching both as soon as possible.

The waitForAll utility is a concurrency helper, which allows us to evaluate multiple async atoms:

const dogsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/dogs')
  return await response.json()
})
const catsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/cats')
  return await response.json()
})

const App = () => {
  const [[dogs, cats]] = useAtom(waitForAll([dogsAtom, catsAtom]))
  // or ...
  const [dogs, cats] = useAtomValue(waitForAll([dogsAtom, catsAtom]))
  // ...
}

You can also use waitForAll inside an atom - It's also possible to name them for readability:

const dogsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/dogs')
  return await response.json()
})
const catsAtom = atom(async (get) => {
  const response = await fetch('/cats')
  return await response.json()
})

const animalsAtom = atom((get) => {
  return get(
    waitForAll({
      dogs: dogsAtom,
      cats: catsAtom,
    })
  )
})

const App = () => {
  const [{ dogs, cats }] = useAtom(animalsAtom)
  // or ...
  const { dogs, cats } = useAtomValue(animalsAtom)
  // ...
}

Codesandbox

useHydrateAtoms

Ref: https://github.com/pmndrs/jotai/issues/340

Usage

import { atom, useAtom } from 'jotai'
import { useHydrateAtoms } from 'jotai/utils'

const countAtom = atom(0)
const CounterPage = ({ countFromServer }) => {
  useHydrateAtoms([[countAtom, countFromServer]])
  const [count] = useAtom(countAtom)
  // count would be the value of `countFromServer`, not 0.
}

The primary use case for useHydrateAtoms are SSR apps like Next.js, where an initial value is e.g. fetched on the server, which can be passed to a component by props.

// Definition
function useHydrateAtoms(values: Iterable<readonly [Atom<unknown>, unknown]>, scope?: Scope): void

The hook takes an iterable of tuples containing [atom, value] as an argument and optionally scope.

// Usage with an array, specifying a scope
useHydrateAtoms([[countAtom, 42], [frameworkAtom, "Next.js"]], myScope)
// Or with a map
const [initialValues] = useState(() => new Map([[count, 42]]))
useHydrateAtoms(initialValues)

Atoms can only be hydrated once per scope. Therefore, if the initial value used is changed during rerenders, it won't update the atom value.

If there's a need to hydrate in multiple scopes, use multiple useHydrateAtoms hooks to achieve that.

useHydrateAtoms([[countAtom, 42], [frameworkAtom, "Next.js"]])
useHydrateAtoms([[countAtom, 17], [frameworkAtom, "Gatsby"]], myScope)

Codesandbox

There's more examples in the Next.js section.

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